Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): An Insight into its Health Effects and Prostate Support

Licorice, derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, has been used for millennia in both Eastern and Western traditional medicine. Celebrated for its sweet flavor and therapeutic properties, modern science has increasingly turned its attention to licorice’s bioactive compounds—particularly glycyrrhizin and glabridin—for their pharmacological potential.

1. Phytochemical Composition and Mechanisms of Action

Licorice contains more than 300 flavonoids and 20 triterpenoids, the most studied being glycyrrhizin, which exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. Glabridin, another potent constituent, is known for its estrogen-like activity and antioxidant action source.

These compounds modulate various biochemical pathways, including the inhibition of 5-alpha reductase—the enzyme responsible for converting testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT)—which has implications for conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) source.

2. Licorice and Men’s Health

Hormonal Modulation

Licorice has been shown to reduce serum testosterone levels, potentially by influencing enzymes involved in androgen metabolism. While this might seem counterintuitive for male vitality, in controlled amounts it may benefit men suffering from conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) analogs in males or androgenic alopecia.

Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

The root’s flavonoids help combat oxidative stress and chronic inflammation—two major contributors to aging-related health decline in men source. These effects support cardiovascular health, metabolic regulation, and immune resilience.

3. Prostate Health and Licorice

Licorice’s ability to inhibit 5-alpha reductase makes it a candidate for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). By reducing DHT levels, it may mitigate prostate enlargement and associated urinary difficulties source.

Antiproliferative Potential

Preclinical studies suggest that licorice extract may inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells through apoptosis induction and androgen receptor modulation source. However, human trials are still needed to confirm these effects.

4. Urinary Benefits

Licorice has demonstrated diuretic properties, which help flush the urinary system and potentially reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Its anti-inflammatory capabilities may also relieve symptoms related to urinary irritation and inflammation.

Additionally, the root’s estrogen-like effects might positively influence the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often associated with aging in men, although this is an area needing more robust clinical studies.

5. Therapeutic Uses

Licorice is commonly used in formulations for:

Gastrointestinal disorders: Including peptic ulcers and gastritis due to its mucosal protective effects source.
Respiratory support: As an expectorant and anti-inflammatory agent in bronchitis and asthma source.
Liver protection: Licorice’s hepatoprotective effect is attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity source.

6. Ingestion Methods

Licorice can be consumed in several forms, each with different bioavailability and safety considerations:

Raw root or dried root slices for decoctions and teas.
Licorice extract (standardized for glycyrrhizin content) in tinctures and capsules.
Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice (DGL) for gastrointestinal use, which lacks the compound glycyrrhizin and is thus safer for long-term use.
Functional foods like candies and lozenges, though these often contain minimal therapeutic dosages and may include additives.

7. Safety Considerations

High or prolonged intake of glycyrrhizin can cause pseudoaldosteronism, leading to hypertension, hypokalemia, and edema. The European Union recommends that glycyrrhizin intake not exceed 100 mg/day in adults source.

Those with cardiovascular, renal, or hepatic conditions should consult a healthcare provider before using licorice regularly. DGL is a safer alternative for long-term use.

Conclusion

Licorice presents a multifaceted profile with significant therapeutic promise, especially in the domain of men’s health. Its androgen-regulating, anti-inflammatory, and diuretic properties make it an intriguing candidate for managing prostate health and urinary tract conditions. Nonetheless, moderation and professional guidance are essential due to the potential side effects of glycyrrhizin.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra): An Insight into its Health Effects and Prostate Support