Abstract Ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG) is a salt composed of two molecules of the amino acid L-ornithine and one molecule of α-ketoglutarate (AKG). It has been studied for decades in clinical nutrition for its roles in nitrogen handling, wound healing, and…
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Overview Ornithine α-ketoglutarate (OKG) is a salt formed from the amino acid L-ornithine and α-ketoglutarate (AKG), a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. OKG has been investigated for its roles in protein metabolism,…
Read moreL-ornithine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid central to the urea cycle, the liver’s pathway for detoxifying ammonia by converting it to urea for urinary excretion. In clinical settings, ornithine is often administered as L-ornithine-L-aspartate…
Read moreAbstract Ornithine (specifically L-ornithine) is a non-proteinogenic amino acid central to the urea cycle—the body’s primary system for detoxifying ammonia. Through its interconversions with arginine, citrulline, glutamate, and polyamines, ornithine…
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Abstract Oriental Arborvitae—botanically Platycladus orientalis (syn. Thuja orientalis, Biota orientalis)—is a Cupressaceae conifer used in East Asian medicine. Traditional uses center on bleeding disorders (leafy twig, Ce Bai Ye)…
Read moreOriental Arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis, formerly Thuja orientalis) is an evergreen conifer native to East Asia. Deeply rooted in traditional medicine, especially in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese herbal systems, this tree has been prized for its versatile…
Read moreAbstract Oregon grape is the common name for several closely related barberry species (historically Mahonia, now often treated as Berberis), most notably Mahonia/ Berberis aquifolium. The bright-yellow root bark contains protoberberine alkaloids—primarily berberine,…
Read moreAbstract Oregon grape (Mahonia/Berberis aquifolium) is a North American evergreen whose root and root bark contain protoberberine alkaloids—most notably berberine—with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. Evidence directly linking whole-plant…
Read moreAbstract Oregon fir balsam is the resin/oleoresin collected from the trunk of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Despite traditional and commercial interest, there is no clinical evidence that Oregon fir balsam—or Douglas-fir teas or oils—improves…
Read moreBottom line up front: “Oregon fir balsam” is the sticky oleoresin from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), not the “balsam fir” (Abies balsamea) used for “Canada balsam.” Evidence for any direct benefits on men’s health, the prostate,…
Read moreOverview and Botany Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a perennial culinary and medicinal herb in the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Its leaves and essential oil are rich in phenolic monoterpenes—chiefly carvacrol and thymol—along with p-cymene, γ-terpinene,…
Read moreAbstract Orchic extract—usually marketed as a desiccated bovine testicular (glandular) ingredient—appears in some men’s-health supplements with claims about testosterone, vitality, and even prostate support. A critical review of clinical and…
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