Abstract Oolong tea (Camellia sinensis), a partially oxidized tea situated between green and black teas, contains catechins (e.g., EGCG) and theaflavins alongside caffeine and L-theanine. Mechanistic and limited clinical evidence suggest tea polyphenols may influence pathways relevant to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)—including inflammation, androgen signaling, and smooth-muscle tone—while very
Abstract Onion (Allium cepa) is a widely consumed allium vegetable rich in flavonols (notably quercetin glycosides), sulfur-containing compounds, prebiotic fructans, and phenolic acids. Across observational studies, higher intake of allium vegetables—including onions—has been associated with a lower risk of several cancers, with suggestive signals for prostate cancer. Preclinical work indicates quercetin and onion-derived sulfur compounds
Omega-6 fatty acids (chiefly linoleic acid, LA) are essential nutrients that humans must obtain from food. They are precursors to bioactive lipid mediators that influence inflammation, immunity, and cell growth—processes that matter for the prostate. Contrary to popular belief, contemporary evidence does not show that usual dietary LA intake is pro-inflammatory or harmful; indeed, several large syntheses
Olive-derived foods and extracts—particularly extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), table olives, and olive leaf polyphenols—contain bioactives (hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal, tyrosol) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic effects. Preclinical work shows that hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines, partially via androgen-receptor (AR) suppression and attenuation of Akt/STAT3/NF-κB signaling. Human evidence
Abstract Oleander (Nerium oleander) is a widely recognized ornamental plant known for its striking flowers and historical use in folk medicine. Despite its medicinal reputation in traditional systems, oleander is also highly toxic due to its cardiac glycosides, particularly oleandrin. Recent scientific inquiries have examined its bioactive compounds for possible therapeutic applications, including oncology, immunomodulation,
Octodrine, also known as DMHA (1,5-Dimethylhexylamine), is a psychoactive stimulant originally developed in the mid-20th century as a nasal decongestant and bronchodilator. In recent decades, it has resurfaced in the fitness and supplement industry as a pre-workout additive and fat-burning aid, primarily due to its structural similarity to DMAA (1,3-dimethylamylamine). While research on Octodrine’s cardiovascular and neurological effects is gradually increasing, very
Octacosanol is a long-chain aliphatic alcohol (C28H58O), primarily derived from plant waxes such as wheat germ oil, sugarcane wax, rice bran, alfalfa, spinach, and various leafy vegetables. As a constituent of policosanol, a natural mixture of fatty alcohols, octacosanol has been studied for its potential cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and lipid-modulating properties. While most existing research on octacosanol
Oak Moss (Evernia prunastri) is a lichen commonly found on oak, fir, pine, and other trees across temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Renowned for its rich, woody fragrance, oak moss has been extensively harvested — particularly in South-Central Europe — for use in perfumery as a base and fixative note, especially in Fougère and
Abstract Oak bark, derived primarily from the Quercus robur (English oak) and Quercus alba (white oak) species, has been a cornerstone in traditional herbal medicine for centuries. Rich in tannins, flavonoids, and other bioactive compounds, it has been used to manage a range of ailments, particularly those involving inflammation and microbial infections. While much of the modern research has focused on
Abstract Nux vomica, derived from the seeds of Strychnos nux‑vomica, contains potent alkaloids—strychnine and brucine—that render it highly toxic. While traditional medicine and homeopathy attribute a spectrum of urinary, prostate, and general health benefits to the plant, clinical evidence remains sparse and largely anecdotal. 1. Phytochemistry and Toxicity Nux vomica is the dried, processed seed of Strychnos nux-vomica, native
Nutmeg is the seed of Myristica fragrans, an evergreen tree native to Indonesia’s Banda (Spice) Islands. The reddish aril surrounding the seed is processed separately as mace; both spices share aromatic compounds but have distinct flavors. Nutmeg contains 5–15% volatile oil with notable constituents including sabinene, myristicin, eugenol, elemicin, β-myrcene, and α-pinene. These compounds underpin nutmeg’s
Northern Prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum americanum), also known as toothache tree, yellow wood, or suterberry, is a deciduous shrub native to North America. Belonging to the Rutaceae family, this plant has been used in traditional Native American and early Western herbal medicine for its stimulant, circulatory, and urinary health benefits. Modern interest in Northern Prickly Ash focuses on its potential
